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1.
Adv Rheumatol ; 60: 08, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088648

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The results of investigations on the association between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene polymorphisms and the risk of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are inconsistent. To comprehensively evaluate the influence of KIR polymorphisms on the risk of SSc, this meta-analysis was performed. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in electronic databases including Scopus and PubMed/ MEDLINE to find all available studies involving KIR gene family polymorphisms and SSc risk prior to July 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured to detect associations between KIR gene family polymorphisms and SSc risk. Results: Five articles, comprising 571 patients and 796 healthy participants, evaluating the KIR gene family polymorphisms were included in the final meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 16 KIR genes were assessed. None of the KIR genes were significantly associated with the risk of SSc. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis provides evidence that KIR genes might not be potential risk factors for SSc risk.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Scleroderma, Systemic/etiology , Confidence Intervals , Risk Factors
2.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 54(4): 301-310, Jul-Aug/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722291

ABSTRACT

As doenças reumatológicas autoimunes, na maioria das vezes, possuem uma via genética comum para a autoimunidade. Vários genes foram associados com as doenças reumatológicas, para tanto iremos analisar somente alguns genes nos quais há várias evidências da existência de associação com risco ou proteção de doença autoimune. O fator de transcrição nuclear kappa B (NF-kappa B), o qual regula as respostas imunes e inflamatórias, está associado com esclerose sistêmica (ES), artrite reumatoide (AR) e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), assim como os genes CXCR2 e CXCL8. Já a interleucina 10 (IL-10), que é uma citocina anti-inflamatória, está associada com quase todas as doenças reumatológicas. Neste artigo, revisamos os potenciais papéis desses genes no sistema imunológico e em diversas doenças reumatológicas. Com relação à IL-10, diversos estudos foram realizados, porém em sua maioria contraditórios - alguns encontraram ausência de associação e outros encontraram associação em diferentes polimorfismos do genes. Já em relação ao NF-kappa B, somente foi estudado em AR e LES, e não foram observadas análises significativas relevantes. Os polimorfismos genéticos do gene CXCR2 foram associados com ES, mas não estão associados com AR e LES. Já os polimorfismos genéticos do gene CXCL8 não estão associados com ES, mas estão associados com AR.


The autoimmune rheumatologic disorders mostly have a common genetic path to the autoimmunity. Several genes have been associated with rheumatologic disorders; therefore, we are analyzing just the ones in those containing several evidences of the existence of association with the risk or protection from autoimmune disorder. The nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappa B), which regulates the autoimmune and anti-inflammatory responses, is associated with systemic sclerosis (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), just as the CXCR2 e CXCL8 genes. On the other hand, the interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is associated with almost all rheumatologic disorders. In this article, we are reviewing the potential roles of these genes in the immune system and in several rheumatologic disorders. In relation to IL-10, several studies have been carried out, but most of them are controversial - some detected the absence of association, and others found association in different genetic polymorphisms. Conversely, in relation to NF-kappa B, it was studied just in RA and SLE, and no relevant significant analyses were observed. The genetic polymorphisms of the CXCR2 gene were associated with SS, but not with RA e SLE. On the other side, the genetic polymorphisms of the CXCL8 gene are not associated with SS, but with RA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Autoimmune Diseases/genetics , Rheumatic Diseases/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Rheumatic Diseases/immunology , Interleukin-8/genetics , NF-kappa B/genetics , Interleukin-10/genetics , Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
3.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 53(1): 70-74, jan.-fev. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670985

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos têm relatado um aumento da expressão das células natural killer (NK) no sangue periférico de pacientes com esclerose sistêmica (ES). Essas células fazem parte da imunidade inata, reconhecendo células infectadas por meio dos receptores killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), que apresentam acentuado polimorfismo. Um novo modelo foi proposto prevendo a atividade das células NK, avaliando o excesso de ativação (EA), excesso de inibição (EI) ou se a célula está funcionalmente em equilíbrio (balance, B) (neutra). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade das células NK em pacientes com ES e comparar com grupo-controle. MÉTODO: Cento e dez pacientes com ES e 115 controles foram estudados. Foi aplicado um novo modelo que prevê a atividade das células NK. Para esse método, considerou-se cada célula com seu respectivo ligante KIR/HLA-C e Bw4. A nomenclatura utilizada foi EA, EI e B. RESULTADOS: Nossos resultados mostraram que 63,5% dos controles saudáveis apresentavam o fenótipo KIR caracterizado por EI, em comparação com 39,1% dos pacientes com ES (P = 0,001). Considerando-se somente indivíduos com presença de KIR2DL2 (KIR2DL2+), encontramos 34,7% de EI em controles sadios e 10,9% em pacientes com ES (P < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso estudo, o modelo que prevê a ação das células NK mostrou que controles sadios têm maior frequência de EI quando comparados a pacientes com ES, sugerindo um efeito protetor do EI contra o desenvolvimento da ES. Outros estudos, porém, devem ser realizados para confirmar nossos dados.


INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown an increased expression of natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). NK cells are part of innate immunity, recognizing infected cells through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), which show marked polymorphism. A novel model has been proposed predicting the activity of NK cells, evaluating whether there is excessive activation (EA), excessive inhibition (EI) or balance (B) (neutral). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the activity of NK cells in patients with SSc and compare it with that of a control group. METHOD: This study comprised 110 patients with SSc and 115 healthy controls. A novel model that predicts the activity of NK cells was used. For that, cells with their respective KIR/HLA-C and Bw4 ligands were considered. The activity of NK cells was defined as EA, EI, or B. RESULTS: Our results showed that 63.5% of healthy controls had the KIR phenotype characterized by EI, as compared with 39.1% of the patients with SSc (P = 0.001). Considering only KIR2DL2-positive individuals, 34.7% of EI was found in healthy controls and 10.9% in patients with SSc (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our study, the model that predicts the action of NK cells showed that healthy controls have higher frequency of EI as compared with SSc patients, suggesting a protective effect of the EI profile against the development of SSc. These results suggest a potential role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of SSc, but further studies should be conducted to confirm our data.


Subject(s)
Humans , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology
4.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 51(4): 357-364, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593326

ABSTRACT

Os genes Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) expressam-se como receptores que estimulam ou inibem as células Natural Killer (NK). As células NK fazem parte da imunidade inata e através de seus receptores KIR identificam células-alvo que apresentam moléculas HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) modificadas ou diferentes, induzindo à sua lise. Os receptores KIR são resultados da expressão dos genes KIR (19q13.14) na membrana celular das células NK, os quais são polimórficos e formam haplótipos. A diversidade de frequência dos haplótipos KIR em certas populações sugere que alguns indivíduos apresentam diferentes níveis de proteção contra algumas doenças e o balanço entre inibição e ativação celular mediada pelos receptores KIR e seus ligantes faz com que a célula NK possa auxiliar o organismo na vigilância imunológica. Além disso, há várias evidências da existência de associação de genótipos KIR ativadores com risco aumentado de doença autoimune.


Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genes express as receptors that activate or inhibit Natural Killer (NK) cells. The NK cells are part of the innate immune response and, through their KIR receptors, they identify target cells that have modified or different HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) molecules, inducing their lysis. The KIR receptors result from the expression of KIR genes (19q13.14) on the cell membrane of NK cells, which are polymorphic, and form haplotypes. The diversity of the frequency of KIR haplotypes in certain populations suggests that some individuals have different levels of protection against some diseases. The balance between cell inhibition and activation enables the NK cell to help the organism in immunological surveillance. In addition, there is evidence of the association of activating KIR genotypes with an increased risk for autoimmune disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/genetics , Receptors, KIR/genetics , Rheumatic Diseases/genetics , Rheumatic Diseases/immunology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
5.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 53(1): 46-51, jan.-mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-848167

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi teste de grande impacto no diagnóstico das meningites e encefalites linfocíticas durante a última década. Esse método foi extensivamente usado no diagnóstico das infecções do sistema nervoso central (SNC), devido a sua habilidade em detectar amostras mínimas de DNA-alvo no líquido cefalorraquiano. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência dos patógenos oportunistas responsáveis por causar problemas neurológicos em pacientes infectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e avaliar sua associação com os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e da tomografia computadorizada cerebral (TCC). Pacientes e métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em 203 amostras de líquido cefalorraquiano (LCR) de pacientes do sul do Brasil infectados com HIV e com aparente encefalite e meningite linfocíticas. As amostras foram analisadas para os seguintes agentes pelo método da reação em cadeia da polimerase "nested" ou dupla (N-PCR): citomegalovírus, vírus do Epstein-Barr, vírus do herpes simplex tipos 1 e 2, vírus da varicella zoster, vírus do herpes humano tipo 6, vírus JC, Toxoplasma gondii e micobactérias. Resultado: Pelo menos um patógeno foi encontrado em 77 (38%) dos indivíduos. O Epstein-Barr foi o mais prevalente, com 40 casos (19,7%), seguido pelo citomegalovívus, com 12 casos (15%) e pelo vírus JC, em 9 casos (4,4%). Um N-PCR positivo mostrou associação com aumento de proteínas e de celularidade (P=0,001), meningismo (P=0,017) e tomografia computadorizada anormal (P=0,006). Conclusão: O painel de PCR empregado foi efetivo na identificação de infecções neurológicas severas em pacientes HIV positivos (AU)


Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has had great impact on the diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis and encephalitis over the last decade. It has been extensively used in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections for its ability to detect small amounts of target DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of opportunistic pathogens responsible for neurological disorders in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to evaluate its association with clinical, laboratory and cerebral computed tomography (CCT) findings. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 203 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from HIV-infected patients from Southern Brazil, with apparent lymphocytic meningitis and encephalitis. CSF samples were analyzed with probes for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, human herpes virus type 6, JC virus, Toxoplasma gondii and mycobacterium in nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR). Results: At least one pathogen was found in 77 (38.0%) individuals. Epstein-Barr virus was the most prevalent with 40 cases (19.7%), followed by cytomegalovirus with 12 cases (5.9%) and JC virus with 9 cases (4.4%). Positive NPCR showed association with high spinal fluid protein and cell count (P=0.001), meningism (P=0.017) and abnormal CCT (P=0.006). Conclusion: The PCR panel used was effective in screening several neurological infections in HIV positive patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/complications , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/diagnosis , DNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/virology
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